When this book opens in 1415, with the birth of Jacquetta of Luxembourg, Henry V is on the throne and England is at war with France in a series of conflicts that would later become know as The Hundred Years' War. Henry VI takes the throne in 1422 and begins his long reign of England through some of it's most turbulent times including Joan of Arc's mission and beginning of The Wars of the Roses - though at the time it was known as The Cousins' War as the feuding families of York and Lancaster fought for power and position.

Henry VI is a child king, only 9 years old, crowned before his first birthday after the death of his father Henry V on campaign. England is in the midst of the Hundred Years' War in France however life in England is peaceful for most. Sensing an opportunity to overthrow the weakend House of Lancaster, the House of York led by Richard, Duke of York claim a stronger link to the throne. This rivalry brings about a series of devestating battles which would come to be known as The Wars of The Roses and would turn neighbour against neighbour, cousin against cousin.

Now a grown man, Henry VI has maintained his hold on the English throne, despite decades of political and military challenges by the House of York. The Hundred Years' War comes to an end in France and England is defeated, losing all of her territory except for Calais. News of defeat drives King Henry into an unresponsive stupor. His wife, the despised Margaret of Anjou, cannot keep control and their great rival Richard Duke of York becomes Protector of the Realm. England is in limbo: a King crippled by insanity, a disliked and mistrusted queen, and two great families vying for control of the Kingdom. Meanwhile a third potential line of succession is emerging from the agreed marriage of the newly ennobled Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond to the child heiress Margaret Beaufort.

In Italy, the renaissance is gaining momentum and Italians are becoming increasingly interested in learning and understanding classical thinking and philosophy. Despite this growing focus on intellectual curiosity, there remains a strong loyalty to the Catholic Church and belief in magic, mysticism and superstition is rife. In order to retain its control, the Church must identify which phenomena can be rationally explained and which may really be magic.

During a time of religious fervour and superstition, the enormously powerful Catholic Church is facing its greatest threat to date. Its longstanding religious enemy, the Ottoman Empire has captured and taken control of Constantinople, overthrowing the Byzantine Empire and becoming one of the most powerful states in the world - and now a very real threat to Western Europe. Christian men and women are kidnapped by the Ottoman slaving galleys and sold as slaves, the seas are no longer safe from Ottoman raiding ships and the Ottoman armies of Sultan Mehmed II are moving ever further into central Europe.

The country has been torn apart by the Wars of the Roses between the royal houses of York and Lancaster. The old king Henry VI and his wife Margaret of Anjou have escaped to Scotland and the Lancastrian armies have been decimated by The York forces at the Battle of Towton - the bloodiest ever fought on English soil. England has a new king on the throne: Edward IV of the House of York - young, handsome and daring.

King Edward IV secret marriage Elizabeth Woodville, fractured his relationship with his cousin and supporter Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick who was known as 'The Kingmaker'. Warwick believed that he would be in a position to rule England through Edward, when he could not, he began to look elsewhere for power and used his daughters Isobel and Anne to create new alliances.  

Henry Tudor is king.  Snatching the crown from Richard III in a surprise victory at the Battle of Bosworth.  Raised in exile in Brittany and having taken the throne with a French and Scottish force, Henry had neither the easy popularity nor the longstanding political allegiances of the House of York. As a result, he has had to face repeated rebellions and threats to his throne. In an attempt to unify the warring Houses of Lancaster and York, Henry married the York Princess Elizabeth, daughter of Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville. 

Henry Tudor and Elizabeth of York's son Arthur Tudor, Prince of Wales is betrothed to the Spanish Princess Katherine of Aragon. But Arthur's sudden death, followed by his mother's, leaves Henry Tudor with a difficult to decision, to marry his son's wife himself or to arrange her marriage to his younger son.    

Henry VIII is dead, succeeded by his only legitimate son, nine year old Edward VI. Too young to rule, the realm is governed by a Regency Council, led by his uncle, Edward Seymour. Edward has continued his father's reformation of the church and Protestantism is becoming established, however England is still unsettled with rioting and rebellions common. Edward was close to and well loved by both of his half-sisters: the Catholic Princess Mary, daughter of Katherine of Aragon and the Protestant Princess Elizabeth, daughter of the executed Anne Boleyn. However he and his advisors were concerned that should he die without issue, his sister Princess Mary would return the country to Catholicism.

Upon his unexpected early death in 1553, King Edward VI nominated his cousin, a committed Protestant, Lady Jane Grey as his successor. Just nine day's after she was crowned, Edward's sister Princess Mary had raised supporters and persuaded the Privy Council to switch their allegiance - declaring her the rightful queen and imprisoning Jane. Queen Mary began to reverse the Protestant reformation of her father, restoring Roman Catholic bishops and persecuting Protestants. Despite several reported pregnancies, Mary's marriage to Philip of Spain produced no children. So on her death, her sister the Protestant Princess Elizabeth succeeded her to the throne. 

Elizabeth I has been Queen of England for 10 years. She is still unmarried, despite considering several suitors and also conducting a love affair with the married Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester - whose wife would later die under suspicious circumstances. With no heir, Elizabeth refused to name a successor - leading to the dissolution of parliament and putting England in a potentially dangerous position. One possible successor to Elizabeth was her first cousin - the Catholic Mary Queen of Scots, whom many English Catholics believed to be the true English heir to the throne. However Mary is under imprisonment in Loch Leven Castle after marrying her third husband James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell - the man widely believed to have earlier murdered Mary's second husband Lord Darnley and she appeals to her Elizabeth for support. 

In 1603, at the age of 69 Queen Elizabeth died and was succeeded by her cousin King James VI of Scotland - finally uniting the crowns of Scotland and England and beginning the Stuart reign of England.

Charles I is on the throne.  He has dissolved parliament for the third time and resolved to rule alone.  In order to manage the debts generated during the reigns of Elizabeth I and James I and fund his overseas wars with Spain and France, Charles repeatedly invented new and re-established obsolete forms of taxation. This during a time when harvests were failing caused widespread poverty and social unrest. Charles had become increasingly unpopular with the English people - his friendship with the assassinated George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham had alienated the noble families whilst his failure to successfully support protestant forces during the Thirty Years War and marriage to a Roman Catholic French Princess caused suspicion and mistrust amongst his people. As a the country decended into civil war, many chose to emigrate to the recently settled American colonies in search of freedom - despite Charles's attempts to stem the flow.

The novel is set in the second part of the eighteenth century, during the time of the enclosure acts, a series of UK Acts of Parliament which enclosed open fields and common land in the country. The "Tragedy of the Commons" removed previously existing rights of local people to carry out activities.  Private ownership of land is a modern idea, and was outside the comprehension of most people. The king, or the Lord of the Manor, usually owned an estate, but the people enjoyed all sorts of rights which enabled him, or her, to graze stock, cut wood or peat, draw water or grow crops, on various plots of land at specified times of year.

As the 18th century draws to a close, Great Britain has become a major international power through victory over France in the Americas and the colonisation of large parts of India. In England, the Industrial Revolution is taking hold and radically changing both the environment and society. Alongside the spread of the Empire across the globe, the transatlantic trade in slaves also increased dramatically, becoming a very lucrative business for ports such as Bristol and Liverpool. The majority of the enslaved people, stolen from Africa by the British were sold to the plantations of the European colonies however a number were also brought back to Britain to be kept or sold as domestic slaves. By the 1770s, some Christians were beginning to question the morality of the trade however the slavers would prove unwilling to give up such a profitable business without a fight.

England is in the grip of the industrial revolution. The impact of the enclosures act and rapid growth of industry led to an increasing movement of people away from living and working in the countryside and into towns and cities. The earlier influence and status of the rich landowners was under threat from the intellectuals of the enlightenment and as a result, the rigid social hierarchies were beginning to change. Despite such changes however, women were still no closer to gaining access to legal rights or equal academic or professional opportunities. Property and money were held only by men and a women were generally under the control of a man - her father and then subsequently her husband. Most women - especially those from wealthy families had few rights and fewer life choices.

As the nineteenth century opens, the industrial revolution is gaining momentum and driving significant economic and social change throughout Great Britain. This combined with the ongoing expansion of the British Empire has led to the United Kingdom becoming the richest and most powerful country in the world. As a result, it is facing threats from its old enemies - Napoleon's France and Spain. Within England, the industrial revolution is transforming the economy and leading to a widening gap between the rich and poor. Social dissatisfaction and unrest is increasing.

Great Britain is recovering from World War I and the lifting of restrictions created new sorts of night-life in London. Clubs, restaurants and dance halls catered for the new craze of jazz dancing.  Wireless radio was to be the technological marvel of the decade.  But is was also a period of depression, unemployment was high and mass production techniques started to replaced traditional industry.